Sunspot number, solar radio flux, and disturbance storm time index: An interrelationship and implication for space weather forecasting

Swapnil Garg¹, O P Tripathi², Saket Kumar², and P L Verma^3
1Research Scholar, Department of Physics, AKS University, 485 001, Satna M P, India
²Department of Physics, AKS University, 485 001, Satna, M P, India
³Department of Physics, Govt Vivekananda P G College, 485 771, Maihar, M P, India

Dedicated to Prof P K Kaw

In the present work, we have examined the interrelationships between key solar activity indicators, namely the sunspot number, solar radio flux, and Disturbance Storm Time (DST) index. These parameters play crucial roles in characterizing solar variability and its effect on the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere. Understanding the correlations and interactions is essential for improving space weather forecasting capabilities. Present study reviews existing literature on the subject, highlighting the significance of each parameter, their historical trends, and their impact on space weather phenomena such as geomagnetic storm and solar radiation storms. Additionally, the paper discusses the methodologies for analysing and predicting these parameters, including statistical models and machine learning techniques. By elucidating the connections between sunspot number, solar radio flux, and the Dst index, this work contributes to the advancement of space weather prediction and mitigation strategies. © Anita Publications. All rights reserved.
Doi: XXXXX
Keywords: Sunspot Number, Solar Radio Flux, Disturbance Storm Time, Space Weather Forecasting.

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