Scalar and Vector Bessel beams: Methods of generation

Wasupol Khotphuthon¹, Suwan Plaipichit², and Prathan Buranasiri
¹Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chalongkrung Rd., Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University Sukhumvit 23, Watthana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
Dedicated to Professor Nikolai Kukhtarev

This study demonstrates beam coupling in an imperfect photorefractive cerium-doped barium titanate crystal, whereas previous research has primarily focused on perfect photorefractive (PR) crystals. In our experiment, two-beam coupling was clearly observed at various incident angles in an imperfect Ce-doped BaTiO₃ crystal, even when using a non-Gaussian beam from a 5 mW green light semiconductor laser. In contrast to our previous research, where perfect phase conjugate beams and anisotropic beam coupling were observed in a perfect crystal using perfect Gaussian beams from 300 mW gas lasers (He-Ne or Ar⁺ ion lasers), the current study yielded significant results with lower-power, non-ideal beams through our exploration, and we found that the larger beam coupling intensity was transferred in the direction of c-axis. These results suggest that by doping BaTiO₃ with cerium, strong beam coupling or photorefractive grating can be observed with all incident writing angles on the crystal, which could be utilized in future flexible holographic devices. © Anita Publications. All rights reserved.
Doi: XXXXX
Keywords: Photorefractive, Ce-doped BaTiO₃, Two-beam coupling, Holography.

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